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Quiz Name	Stonehenge
Appendix (for reading content...etc) Read the passage 'Stonehenge'. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the reading passage. Reading time: 3 minutes Stonehenge Stonehenge is a huge structure located on the Salisbury Plain in the south of England. The main structure of Stonehenge consists of thirty upright stones, weighing twenty-six tons each, arranged in a circle, with thirty additional six-ton stones sitting on top of the upright stones. There is a second circle of stones inside the main circle, and this inner circle of stones is also composed of upright stones with additional stones atop the upright stones. One of the most commonly held beliefs about the construction of Stonehenge is that Stonehenge was built by the Druids. The Druids were the high priests of the Celtic culture in England, and it has often been stated that the Druids had the structure at Stonehenge constructed in order to hold religious ceremonies there. The idea that Stonehenge had been constructed by the Druids was first proposed by John Aubrey (1626—1697) in the seventeenth century. Aubrey, an antiquarian and scholar, came across the stone structure one day while he was out hunting with some companions. Over time, Aubrey became convinced that the structure had been created by the Druids. He included a chapter in his giant work Monumenta Britannica to advocate this idea about the creation of Stonehenge. Dr. William Stukeley (1687—1765), an antiquarian and scholar who developed an interest in the Druids a century after Aubrey, was aware of the claims that Aubrey had previously made. Stukeley became deeply involved in the study of a possible relationship between Stonehenge and the Druids, and he strongly believed, asAubrey had, that Stonehenge had been constructed by the Druids for use in religious ceremonies. Stukeley wrote the scholarly work Stonehenge, A Temple Restored to the British Druids (1740) to publicize his strongly held belief that Stonehenge was the work of the Druids. Main idea of the reading passage: belief about the construction of Stonehenge (huge stone structure on Salisbury Plain in England) Major points in the reading passage: common belief that Stonehenge was built by Druids (high priests of the Celts) chapter in book by John Aubrey (1626-1697) supporting Druids as builders of Stonehenge scholarly word by Dr. William Stukely (1687-1765) supporting Druids as builders of Stonehenge Now listen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage. [audio\|src:'\listening\toefl_begin\CD4-33.mp3?20210805'\|wait:185] The reading passage discussed a common belief about Stonehenge, that Stonehenge was built by the Druids, the high priests of the Celts. lots of people believe this today. I think, if you asked most people who built Stonehenge, they would say, “The Druids” or “The Celts.” But this is clearly not true. Scientific tests today show that this isn’t true. The dates just don’t match up. First, let me discuss what is known about when the Celts arrived in England. The Celts were flourishing on the European mainland, and they spread out from there to various places, including England. It’s not quite clear when the Celts actually arrived in England; there are two different theories. One theory is that the Celts arrived in England around 1500 B.C., and the alternate theory is that the Celts started arriving in England around 800 B.C. In either case, the Celts were not in England before around 1500 B.C. There is universal agreement on that. Not for the age of Stonehenge. Modern radiocarbon dating techniques have been used on Stonehenge to determine its age. Radiocarbon testing is a process used to date specimens by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in them. Well, the radiocarbon testing has shown that Stonehenge was built İn three phases. The first phase was around 3000 B.C., and the second phase was around 2800 B.C. The third phase, the phase when the giant stones actually went up, was around 2100 B.C. You can see from the dates, no matter which theory you believe about the arrival of the Celts in England, that the Celts and their Druid priests had not yet arrived in England when Stonehenge was built and could not possible be the culture that constructed Stonehenge. Main idea of the listening passage: impossibility of belief about Stonehenge (that Druids built it) because of the dates Major points in the listening passage: arrival of Cents and Druids in England (in 1500 B.C. or 800 B.C.) construction of Stonehenge in three phases (3000 B.C., 2800 B.C., 2100 B.C.) Now answer the following question: How does the information in the listening passage cast doubt on the points made in the listening passage? Coming soon. Coming soon. Sample Answer: Coming soon. Coming soon. Coming soon.
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Stonehenge