Try to restate each sentence that you may see in a textbook by explaining the meaning instead of substituting a synonym for the underlined word. The first one is completed to give you an example.

EXAMPLE

The Constitution guarantees that private homes will not be searched without a warrant. The Constitution guarantees that private homes will not be searched without written authorization.

Listen to the example answers after you complete your answers

ADJECTIVES

Use an opposite.

EXAMPLE

The second movement of a symphony is usually slow.

The second movement of a symphony is usually not fast.

1. The temperature in many desert regions is cold at night.

2. Facial expressions may be common across cultures.

3. Obsidian is shiny because it cools too quickly for crystals to form.

4. Few musical instruments play louder than 100 decibels or softer than 20 decibels.

5. The people who have adapted to life at very high altitudes are usually short.

NOUNS

Use a phrase.

EXAMPLE

Skyscrapers are representative of the International Style of architecture.

Tall buildings are representative of the International Style of architecture.

1. In many cities, vendors must have a license to set up their booths in public places.

2. Studies show that small pets are a positive influence in elderly people's lives.

3. Staircases were an important feature of the palaces constructed during the Baroque period.

4. Global wind patterns are affected by the Earth's rotation.

5. Bilingual education is more common in regions where language minorities live.

VERBS

Use a general verb.

EXAMPLE

Many managers employ teams to accomplish complex goals.

Many managers use teams to accomplish complex goals.

1. Unlike cast iron, pure wrought iron contains no carbon.

2. Hypnosis achieves a heightened state of suggestibility in a willing participant.

3. Productivity increases when fewer employees are required to accomplish the work.

4. Normally, the plasma in human blood constitutes 50—60 percent of the total blood volume.

5. Three fourths of the goods manufactured in Canada for export are sold to the United States.

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